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for other topics including Irregular Squares, Algebraic Squares and more.

Other Magic Square Sizes: 3 * 5 * 7 * 9 * 11 * 13 * 15 * 17 * 19 *
21 * 23 * 25 * 27 * 29 * 31 * 33 * 35 * 37 * 39 * 41 * 43 * 45 * 47 * 49 * 51 * 53 * 55 * 57 * 59 *
61 * 63 * 65 * 67 * 69 * 71 * 73 * 75 * 77 * 79 * 81 * 83 * 85 * 87 * 89 * 91 * 93 * 95 * 97 * 99 *

A 59x59 Magic Square

Scroll down to see a magic square
in which all rows, columns, and both diagonals
add up to the same magic sum (102719)

A Magic Square is a square of numbers in which every row, every column, and both diagonals add up to the same number. This number is often called the magic sum. The 59 by 59 magic square shown below has a magic sum equal to 102719.

Though magic squares can be made with non-consecutive and non-regular sequences, they are usually seen made up of consecutive numbers. To the best of my knowledge, the middle number in the sequence must be in the center square, and the magic sum will be equal to this middle number times the number of rows in the square. (In the case of 3x3 squares, I have proved that the middle number MUST be equal to one-third of the sum. See proof here.)

All odd-size Magic Squares can be made with the method shown below, which can be summarized as "start in the middle of the top and keep moving up and to the right except when you get blocked, in which case drop down and continue." The more detailed directions about creating these squares can be found further below. There are other methods for creating magic squares, but this is the easiest to learn. (There are basically only two methods of creating a 3x3 square but the larger squares have a large number of irregular variants, and probably other regular methods.)

Read more about Magic Squares

If you'd like to read more about magic squares, click one of these links to look for books about Magic Squares at Amazon.com, at Amazon.canada, and at Amazon.co.UK.

A 59-by-59 Magic Square

(Magic Sum = 102719)

Books about
Magic Squares
at Amazon.co.UK


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3152 3213 3274 3335 3396 3457 37 98 159 220 281 342 403 464 525 586 647 708 710 771 832 893 954 1015 1076 1137 1198 1259 1320 1381 1442 1503 1564 1625 1686 1747 1808 1869 1930 1991 2052 2113 2174 2235 2296 2357 2418 2420 2481 2542 2603 2664 2725 2786 2847 2908 2969 3030 3091
3212 3273 3334 3395 3456 36 97 158 219 280 341 402 463 524 585 646 707 709 770 831 892 953 1014 1075 1136 1197 1258 1319 1380 1441 1502 1563 1624 1685 1746 1807 1868 1929 1990 2051 2112 2173 2234 2295 2356 2417 2478 2480 2541 2602 2663 2724 2785 2846 2907 2968 3029 3090 3151
3272 3333 3394 3455 35 96 157 218 279 340 401 462 523 584 645 706 767 769 830 891 952 1013 1074 1135 1196 1257 1318 1379 1440 1501 1562 1623 1684 1745 1806 1867 1928 1989 2050 2111 2172 2233 2294 2355 2416 2477 2479 2540 2601 2662 2723 2784 2845 2906 2967 3028 3089 3150 3211
3332 3393 3454 34 95 156 217 278 339 400 461 522 583 644 705 766 768 829 890 951 1012 1073 1134 1195 1256 1317 1378 1439 1500 1561 1622 1683 1744 1805 1866 1927 1988 2049 2110 2171 2232 2293 2354 2415 2476 2537 2539 2600 2661 2722 2783 2844 2905 2966 3027 3088 3149 3210 3271
3392 3453 33 94 155 216 277 338 399 460 521 582 643 704 765 826 828 889 950 1011 1072 1133 1194 1255 1316 1377 1438 1499 1560 1621 1682 1743 1804 1865 1926 1987 2048 2109 2170 2231 2292 2353 2414 2475 2536 2538 2599 2660 2721 2782 2843 2904 2965 3026 3087 3148 3209 3270 3331
3452 32 93 154 215 276 337 398 459 520 581 642 703 764 825 827 888 949 1010 1071 1132 1193 1254 1315 1376 1437 1498 1559 1620 1681 1742 1803 1864 1925 1986 2047 2108 2169 2230 2291 2352 2413 2474 2535 2596 2598 2659 2720 2781 2842 2903 2964 3025 3086 3147 3208 3269 3330 3391
31 92 153 214 275 336 397 458 519 580 641 702 763 824 885 887 948 1009 1070 1131 1192 1253 1314 1375 1436 1497 1558 1619 1680 1741 1802 1863 1924 1985 2046 2107 2168 2229 2290 2351 2412 2473 2534 2595 2597 2658 2719 2780 2841 2902 2963 3024 3085 3146 3207 3268 3329 3390 3451
91 152 213 274 335 396 457 518 579 640 701 762 823 884 886 947 1008 1069 1130 1191 1252 1313 1374 1435 1496 1557 1618 1679 1740 1801 1862 1923 1984 2045 2106 2167 2228 2289 2350 2411 2472 2533 2594 2655 2657 2718 2779 2840 2901 2962 3023 3084 3145 3206 3267 3328 3389 3450 30
151 212 273 334 395 456 517 578 639 700 761 822 883 944 946 1007 1068 1129 1190 1251 1312 1373 1434 1495 1556 1617 1678 1739 1800 1861 1922 1983 2044 2105 2166 2227 2288 2349 2410 2471 2532 2593 2654 2656 2717 2778 2839 2900 2961 3022 3083 3144 3205 3266 3327 3388 3449 29 90
211 272 333 394 455 516 577 638 699 760 821 882 943 945 1006 1067 1128 1189 1250 1311 1372 1433 1494 1555 1616 1677 1738 1799 1860 1921 1982 2043 2104 2165 2226 2287 2348 2409 2470 2531 2592 2653 2714 2716 2777 2838 2899 2960 3021 3082 3143 3204 3265 3326 3387 3448 28 89 150
271 332 393 454 515 576 637 698 759 820 881 942 1003 1005 1066 1127 1188 1249 1310 1371 1432 1493 1554 1615 1676 1737 1798 1859 1920 1981 2042 2103 2164 2225 2286 2347 2408 2469 2530 2591 2652 2713 2715 2776 2837 2898 2959 3020 3081 3142 3203 3264 3325 3386 3447 27 88 149 210
331 392 453 514 575 636 697 758 819 880 941 1002 1004 1065 1126 1187 1248 1309 1370 1431 1492 1553 1614 1675 1736 1797 1858 1919 1980 2041 2102 2163 2224 2285 2346 2407 2468 2529 2590 2651 2712 2773 2775 2836 2897 2958 3019 3080 3141 3202 3263 3324 3385 3446 26 87 148 209 270
391 452 513 574 635 696 757 818 879 940 1001 1062 1064 1125 1186 1247 1308 1369 1430 1491 1552 1613 1674 1735 1796 1857 1918 1979 2040 2101 2162 2223 2284 2345 2406 2467 2528 2589 2650 2711 2772 2774 2835 2896 2957 3018 3079 3140 3201 3262 3323 3384 3445 25 86 147 208 269 330
451 512 573 634 695 756 817 878 939 1000 1061 1063 1124 1185 1246 1307 1368 1429 1490 1551 1612 1673 1734 1795 1856 1917 1978 2039 2100 2161 2222 2283 2344 2405 2466 2527 2588 2649 2710 2771 2832 2834 2895 2956 3017 3078 3139 3200 3261 3322 3383 3444 24 85 146 207 268 329 390
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691 752 813 874 935 996 1057 1118 1179 1181 1242 1303 1364 1425 1486 1547 1608 1669 1730 1791 1852 1913 1974 2035 2096 2157 2218 2279 2340 2401 2462 2523 2584 2645 2706 2767 2828 2889 2950 2952 3013 3074 3135 3196 3257 3318 3379 3440 20 81 142 203 264 325 386 447 508 569 630
751 812 873 934 995 1056 1117 1178 1239 1241 1302 1363 1424 1485 1546 1607 1668 1729 1790 1851 1912 1973 2034 2095 2156 2217 2278 2339 2400 2461 2522 2583 2644 2705 2766 2827 2888 2949 2951 3012 3073 3134 3195 3256 3317 3378 3439 19 80 141 202 263 324 385 446 507 568 629 690
811 872 933 994 1055 1116 1177 1238 1240 1301 1362 1423 1484 1545 1606 1667 1728 1789 1850 1911 1972 2033 2094 2155 2216 2277 2338 2399 2460 2521 2582 2643 2704 2765 2826 2887 2948 3009 3011 3072 3133 3194 3255 3316 3377 3438 18 79 140 201 262 323 384 445 506 567 628 689 750
871 932 993 1054 1115 1176 1237 1298 1300 1361 1422 1483 1544 1605 1666 1727 1788 1849 1910 1971 2032 2093 2154 2215 2276 2337 2398 2459 2520 2581 2642 2703 2764 2825 2886 2947 3008 3010 3071 3132 3193 3254 3315 3376 3437 17 78 139 200 261 322 383 444 505 566 627 688 749 810
931 992 1053 1114 1175 1236 1297 1299 1360 1421 1482 1543 1604 1665 1726 1787 1848 1909 1970 2031 2092 2153 2214 2275 2336 2397 2458 2519 2580 2641 2702 2763 2824 2885 2946 3007 3068 3070 3131 3192 3253 3314 3375 3436 16 77 138 199 260 321 382 443 504 565 626 687 748 809 870
991 1052 1113 1174 1235 1296 1357 1359 1420 1481 1542 1603 1664 1725 1786 1847 1908 1969 2030 2091 2152 2213 2274 2335 2396 2457 2518 2579 2640 2701 2762 2823 2884 2945 3006 3067 3069 3130 3191 3252 3313 3374 3435 15 76 137 198 259 320 381 442 503 564 625 686 747 808 869 930
1051 1112 1173 1234 1295 1356 1358 1419 1480 1541 1602 1663 1724 1785 1846 1907 1968 2029 2090 2151 2212 2273 2334 2395 2456 2517 2578 2639 2700 2761 2822 2883 2944 3005 3066 3127 3129 3190 3251 3312 3373 3434 14 75 136 197 258 319 380 441 502 563 624 685 746 807 868 929 990
1111 1172 1233 1294 1355 1416 1418 1479 1540 1601 1662 1723 1784 1845 1906 1967 2028 2089 2150 2211 2272 2333 2394 2455 2516 2577 2638 2699 2760 2821 2882 2943 3004 3065 3126 3128 3189 3250 3311 3372 3433 13 74 135 196 257 318 379 440 501 562 623 684 745 806 867 928 989 1050
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How to Make Your Own Odd-Size Magic Square

  1. Draw a square with any odd number of rows and columns.
  2. Put your first number in the MIDDLE square of the TOP row.
  3. Move UP and to the RIGHT to find the position for your next number, but ...
    • if the next "position" is ABOVE a column, go to BOTTOM of that column (you can see a sample of this movement by looking at how we moved from 1 to 2 in the square above).
    • if the next "position" is to the RIGHT of a row, go to LEFT of that row (you can see this movement between (30) and (31) above).
    • if the next cell is already filled in, drop down to the cell below the number you just filled in for the next number (you can see this when you look at how we moved from 59 to the next number above).
    • if the next cell is both ABOVE and to the RIGHT of the entire square, drop down to the cell below the number you just filled in for your next number (you can see this if you look at (1770) and the next number).
  4. Print your NEXT number into the new square you just moved to.
  5. Repeat steps 3-4 until the entire square is full.
  6. You can see how it works by printing this page and drawing arrows to see how it worked when I created this magic square

This Magic Square was created by John Knoderer, a webmaster and computer programmer who is available to telecommute to your location.

If you found this page useful, and especially if you printed this page to distribute to students, we invite you to send a suitable donation to John (address below) or PayPal your donation to Donations (at) Mazes.com.

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